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Chapter 2 2. Delivering the DataContents:Addressing, Routing, and MultiplexingThe IP AddressSubnetsInternet Routing ArchitectureThe Routing TableAddress ResolutionProtocols, Ports, and SocketsSummaryIn Chapter 1, Overview of TCP/IP, we touched on the basic architecture and design of
the TCP/IP protocols. From that discussion, we know that TCP/IP is a
hierarchy of four layers. In this chapter, we explore in finer detail
how data moves between the protocol layers and the systems on the
network. We examine the structure of Internet addresses, including how
addresses route data to its final destination, and how addressing
rules are locally redefined to create subnets. We also look at the
protocol and port numbers used to deliver data to the correct
applications. These additional details move us from an overview of
TCP/IP to the specific implementation details that affect your
system's configuration.2.1 Addressing, Routing, and MultiplexingTo deliver data between two Internet hosts, it is necessary to move
the data across the network to the correct host, and within that host
to the correct user or process. TCP/IP uses three schemes to
accomplish these tasks:AddressingIP addresses, which uniquely identify every host on the network,
deliver data to the correct host.RoutingGateways deliver data to the correct network.MultiplexingProtocol and port numbers deliver data to the correct software module
within the host.Each of these functions - addressing between hosts, routing between
networks, and multiplexing between layers - is necessary to send data
between two cooperating applications across the Internet. Let's
examine each of these functions in detail.To illustrate these concepts and provide consistent examples, we use
an imaginary corporate network. Our imaginary company sells packaged
nuts to the Army. Our company network is made up of several networks
at our packing plant and sales office, as well as a connection to the
Internet. We are responsible for managing the Ethernet in the
computing center. This network's structure, or topology, is
shown in
Figure 2.1Figure 2.1: Sample networkThe icons in the figure represent computer systems. There are, of
course, several other imaginary systems on our imaginary network.
You'll just have to use your imagination! But we'll use the hosts
peanut (a workstation) and almond (a system that serves as
a gateway) for most of our examples. The thick line is our computer
center Ethernet and the circle is the local network that connects our
various corporate networks. The cloud is the Internet. What the
numbers are, how they're used, and how datagrams are delivered are the
topics of this chapter.1.8 Summary2.2 The IP Address[ Library Home | DNS & BIND | TCP/IP | sendmail | sendmail Reference | Firewalls | Practical Security ]
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